ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#The long-term situation of children with spinal cord injury (SCI) was investigated, and suggestions for helping them better return to the society were provided.@*METHODS@#SCI patients less than 18 years old hospitalized in Beijing Boai Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Information including motor function, complications, characteristic changes, self-care abilities, school attendance and social participation were collected by telephone interview and electronic questionnaire. All the answers were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 86 cases were enrolled, 77 girls and 9 boys, with a median injury age of 6 years and 2 months. The follow-up time was 3-130 months. The main cause of trauma in these children was sport injury (66.3%), the thoracic spinal cord was involved the most (91.9%), and complete SCIs accounted for the majority (76.7%). In terms of complications, children with complete SCIs were more likely to have urinary incontinence, constipation and characteristic changes (p < 0.05); whereas the incomplete SCIs often have spasticity (p < 0.05). As to the daily living abilities, children with incomplete lumbar SCIs were more capable to accomplish personal hygiene, transfer, and bathing independently than those with complete injuries, or cervical/thoracic SCIs, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, children older than 9 years care more able to dress and transfer independently than the youngers (p < 0.05). Wheelchair users accounted for 84.9% and more than half of them were able to propel wheelchair independently, and those who move passively in wheelchairs were mostly introverted kids (p < 0.05). Almost all (93.8%) children with incomplete injuries were able to walk independently. Most (79.1%) children continued to attending school, and 41.9% participated in interest classes. Unfortunately, 67.4% of the children spent less time playing with their peers than before the injury.@*CONCLUSION@#SCIs impair physical structures and function of children, affect their independence in daily living, and restrict school attendance and social interaction. Comprehensive rehabilitation after injury is a systematic work. Medical staff and caregivers should not only pay attention to neurological function, but also help them improve self-care abilities. It is also important to balance rehabilitation training and school work and social participation.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objective:To study the changes of brain motor control function in patients with complete spinal cord injury within three to six months. Methods:From January, 2017 to January, 2019, eleven inpatients with complete spinal cord injury and twelve healthy controls were screened with functional magnetic resonance imaging during attempted/executive movement (MA/ME) and motor imagery (MI). The involved area and activation were compared between the groups under tasks. Results:More areas were activated in the patients than in the controls as MA/ME, such as bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, lateral globus pallidus, cerebellum, contralateral thalamus and putamen. During MI, the activation was more in the patients in ipsilateral primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, dorsal premotor area, contralateral supplementary motor area, insular and basal ganglia. The patients induced more activation as MA than as MI in ipsilateral primary motor cortex, bilateral supplementary motor area and cingulate motor area, and contralateral cerebellum. Conclusion:The activation remains normal in primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area for subacute complete spinal cord injury patients when undergoing motor tasks, but some reorganization may occur in parietal lobe and cerebellum that involve in sensorimotor integration.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study whether and how rotenone reduces the activity of protein phophatase 2A (PP2A). Methods MN9D cells (mouse midbrain dopaminergic cell line) were divided into normal group (normal cultured), con-trol group (dimethyl sulfoxide of same volume with rotenone group was added in medium), rotenone group (50 nmol/L rotenone was added to the culture medium for 24 hours) and rotenone+C2 group (pretreatment of 5 mol/L C2-ceramide for eight hours, and then exposed to 50 nmol/L rotenone for 24 hours). MTT was used to detect cell viability. Total PP2A levels and tyrosine phosphorylation levels were measured with Western blotting. PP2A activity was detected with colorimetric assay.Results Compared with the control group, the cell viability reduced (P<0.01), phosphorylation of tyrosine 307 of PP2A inceased (P<0.01), and activity of PP2A decreased in the rotenone group (P<0.05). And compared with the rote-none group, the cell viability improved (P<0.01), phosphorylation of tyrosine 307 of PP2A deceased (P<0.01), and activity of PP2A increased (P<0.05) in the rotenone+C2 group. Conclusion Rotenone can inhibit activity of PP2A through increasing phosphorylation of tyrosine 307 at the catalytic subunit of PP2A, which might be involved in reducing cell viability, and implicate a new treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease.